Gynaecology is a branch of medicine that focuses on the health of the female reproductive systems (vagina, uterus, and ovaries) and the breasts. It encompasses a wide range of conditions and diseases, treatments, and preventive care strategies. Here is an overview of some of the key areas within gynaecology, recent advancements, and current research trends.

  1. Reproductive Health:
    • Menstrual Disorders: Conditions such as dysmenorrhea (painful periods), amenorrhea (absence of menstruation), and menorrhagia (heavy menstrual bleeding) are common concerns addressed by gynaecologists.
    • Fertility and Infertility: Gynaecologists diagnose and treat infertility issues, often in collaboration with reproductive endocrinologists. Treatments can include medication, surgery, and assisted reproductive technologies (ART) like IVF (in vitro fertilization).
  2. Pregnancy and Childbirth:
    • Prenatal Care: Monitoring the health of the mother and fetus during pregnancy is crucial. This includes regular check-ups, ultrasounds, and screening for genetic conditions.
    • Labour and Delivery: Gynaecologists manage childbirth, addressing complications such as preterm labor, breech birth, and cesarean deliveries.
  3. Contraception and Family Planning:
    • Birth Control Methods: Gynaecologists advise on various contraceptive methods, including hormonal pills, intrauterine devices (IUDs), implants, and sterilization procedures.
    • Emergency Contraception: They also provide guidance and access to emergency contraceptive methods to prevent unwanted pregnancies.
  4. Menopause and Hormone Therapy:
    • Menopausal Symptoms: Management of symptoms such as hot flashes, mood swings, and vaginal dryness through lifestyle changes, medication, and hormone replacement therapy (HRT).